Science and technology policy in the United States : open systems in action /
In this lucidly-written introduction to the topic, Sylvia Kraemer draws upon her extensive experience in government to develop a useful and powerful framework for thinking about the American approach to shaping and managing scientific innovation. Kraemer suggests that the history of science, technol...
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| 格式: | Licensed eBooks |
| 語言: | 英语 |
| 出版: |
New Brunswick, N.J. :
Rutgers University Press
©2006.
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| 在線閱讀: | https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt5hjb6b |
| 總結: | In this lucidly-written introduction to the topic, Sylvia Kraemer draws upon her extensive experience in government to develop a useful and powerful framework for thinking about the American approach to shaping and managing scientific innovation. Kraemer suggests that the history of science, technology, and politics is best understood as a negotiation of ongoing tensions between open and closed systems. Open systems depend on universal access to information that is complete, verifiable, and appropriately used. Closed systems, in contrast, are composed of exclusive and often proprietary feature. |
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| 實物描述: | 1 online resource (xi, 325 pages) |
| 格式: | Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002. |
| 參考書目: | Includes bibliographical references (pages 271-303) and index. |
| ISBN: | 9780813539478 0813539471 0813538262 0813538270 9780813538266 9780813538273 1281316563 9781281316561 |