TY - GEN T1 - Racisms : from the Crusades to the Twentieth Century A1 - Bethencourt, Francisco LA - English PP - Princeton, New Jersey PB - Princeton University Press YR - 2013 UL - https://ebooks.jgu.edu.in/Record/jstor_eba_ocn862077429 AB - "Groundbeaking in its global and historical scope, Racisms is the first comprehensive history of racism, from the Crusades to the twentieth century. Demonstrating that there is not one continuous tradition of racism in the West, distinguished historian Francisco Bethencourt shows that racism preceded any theories of race and must be viewed within the prism and context of social hierarchies and local conditions. In this richly illustrated book, Bethencourt argues that in its various aspects, all racism has been triggered by political projects monopolizing specific economic and social resources. Bethencourt focuses on the Western world, but opens comparative views on ethnic discrimination and segregation in Asia and Africa. He looks at different forms of racism, particularly against New Christians and Moriscos in Iberia, black slaves and freedmen in colonial and postcolonial environments, Native Americans, Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, and Jews in modern Europe. Exploring instances of enslavement, forced migration, and ethnic cleansing, Bethencourt reflects on genocide and the persecution of ethnicities in twentieth-century Europe and Anatolia. These cases are compared to the genocide of the Herero and Tutsi in Africa, and ethnic discrimination in Japan, China, and India. Bethencourt analyzes how practices of discrimination and segregation from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries were defended, and he systematically integrates visual culture into his investigation."--Publisher's description OP - 444 CN - HT1521 .B474 2013eb SN - 9781400848416 SN - 1400848415 SN - 1306081890 SN - 9781306081894 SN - 9780691155265 SN - 0691155267 SN - 9780691169750 SN - 0691169756 KW - Racism : History. KW - Race relations : History. KW - Race. KW - Racial Groups KW - Racisme : Histoire. KW - Relations raciales : Histoire. KW - race (group of people) KW - SOCIAL SCIENCE : Discrimination & Race Relations. KW - SOCIAL SCIENCE : Minority Studies. KW - HISTORY : World. KW - Race KW - Race relations KW - Racism KW - Rassismus KW - Rasism : historia. KW - Rasrelationer : historia. KW - History ER -