Sanitation in Humanitarian Settings.
| 主要作者: | |
|---|---|
| 格式: | Licensed eBooks |
| 语言: | 英语 |
| 出版: |
Rugby :
Practical Action Publishing,
2024.
|
| 在线阅读: | https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/jj.21341679 |
书本目录:
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication Page
- Table of Contents
- About the author
- About the illustrator
- Acknowledgements
- List of figures, tables and boxes
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1: Who should read the book
- 1.2: Scope
- 1.3: Referencing
- 1.4: How to use the book
- 1.5: Terminology
- 1.6: Errors and omissions
- 2. Priorities and objectives
- 2.1: An environment free from human excreta
- 2.2: Community engagement
- 2.3: A rapid response: balancing quality and quantity
- 2.4: Scaling up and monitoring
- 2.5: SPHERE and other faecal sludge management standards
- 2.6: Assessment
- 2.7: Protection of water sources and the environment
- 2.8: Should we be involved?
- 2.9: Action strategy
- 2.10: Deciding what to do
- 2.11: Ownership
- 3. Non-technical issues affecting service delivery and sustainability
- 3.1: Faecal sludge management standards and assessment
- 3.2: Public health risks to faecal sludge workers
- 3.3: Social and cultural considerations
- 3.4: Institutional and political environment
- 3.5: Environmental impact
- 3.6: Security and safety
- 3.7: Exit strategy
- 4. Core technical design parameters for faecal sludge management
- 4.1: Technical sustainability
- 4.2: Space requirements
- 4.3: Volumes and characteristics of stored human excreta and faecal sludge
- 4.4: Soil infiltration and groundwater contamination
- 4.5: Materials and skills
- 4.6: Design life
- 4.7: Standardization
- 4.8: Staffing
- 4.9: Cost
- 5. The toilet and the environment
- 5.1: Inclusive design
- 5.2: The cubicle and its surroundings
- 5.3: The toilet interface
- 6. On-site faecal sludge collection, storage, and treatment
- 6.1: Immediate actions (first few days/weeks)
- 6.2: Medium-term measures
- 6.3: Toilets for institutions
- 6.4: Maintenance and management of toilets
- 7. Toilet emptying
- 7.1: Manual emptying
- 7.2: Hand-operated machines
- 7.3: Centrifugal pumps
- 7.4: Modified powered auger
- 7.5: Vacuum suction
- 8. Faecal sludge transport
- 8.1: Manual carriage
- 8.2: Manual and animal-powered vehicles
- 8.3: Mechanized vehicles
- 8.4: Sewers
- 8.5: Transfer stations
- 9. Emergency treatment
- 9.1: Treatment plant rehabilitation
- 9.2: Coarse filter screens
- 9.3: Grit removal
- 9.4: Batch sedimentation
- 9.5: Horizontal flow settlement ponds
- 9.6: Unplanted drying beds
- 9.7: Chemical treatment using calcium hydroxide
- 9.8: Waste stabilization ponds
- 9.9: Septic tanks
- 9.10: Up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB)
- 9.11: Biogas chambers
- 9.12: Anaerobic baffle reactor
- 9.13: Planted drying beds
- 9.14: Horizontal flow constructed wetlands
- 9.15: Package treatment units
- 10. Tertiary treatment, disposal, and reuse
- 10.1: Infiltration
- 10.2: Urine as liquid fertilizer (Robinson, 2010)
- 10.3: Evaporation
- 10.4: Chlorination