TY - GEN T1 - Adjudicating attacks targeting culture : revisiting the approach under state responsibility and individual criminal responsibility T2 - Leiden studies on the frontiers of international law ; A1 - Abtahi, Hirad, 1968- LA - English PP - Leiden ; Boston PB - Brill Nijhoff YR - 2023 UL - https://ebooks.jgu.edu.in/Record/ebsco_acadsubs_on1368190610 AB - This work proposes a toolkit for international legislators, judges and scholars to consider the adjudication of the causes, means and consequences of attacks targeting culture. Filling international law's gap regarding culture, this work views the latter as a legacy oriented local-national-international triptych. Therein, culture can be anthropical or natural (fauna and flora), movable or immovable, secular or religious, tangible or intangible. Drawing from the practice of State responsibility and individual responsibility based jurisdictions, this work proposes a novel typology of the victims of cultural damage. These are natural persons as members of the collective, the collective as the sum of natural persons, and legal persons as a result of damage inflicted on them or their property. Based on the practice of both modes of responsibility's jurisdictions, this work considers attacks targeting culture as anthropo-centred, heritage-centred and/or tangible-centred. OP - 372 CN - KZ6535 SN - 9004533478 SN - 9789004533479 SN - 9789004533462 KW - Cultural property : Protection (International law) : Criminal provisions. KW - Crimes against humanity (International law) KW - International criminal law. KW - Patrimoine culturel : Protection (Droit international) : Droit pénal. KW - Crimes contre l'humanité (Droit international) KW - International criminal law ER -