Sustainable organic synthesis : tools and strategies /

Sustainable Organic Synthesis brings together the expertise of leading scientists in green chemistry, providing a useful resource of techniques and approaches for academic researchers and synthetic chemistry practitioners.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
مؤلفون آخرون:	Protti, Stefano, 1979- (المحرر), Palmieri, Alessandro (Professor of chemistry) (المحرر)
التنسيق:	Licensed eBooks
اللغة:	الإنجليزية
منشور في:	London, UK : Royal Society of Chemistry, [2022]
الوصول للمادة أونلاين:	https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=3092696

جدول المحتويات:

Cover
Sustainable Organic Synthesis: Tools and Strategies
Preface
Biographies
Contents
Section 1
Activation of Chemical Substrates under Sustainable Conditions
Chapter 1
Assessing the Sustainability of Syntheses of the Anti- tuberculosis Pharmaceutical Pretomanid by Green Metrics
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Syntheses of Pretomanid
1.3 Sustainability Index
1.4 Ranking Analysis of the Pretomanid Synthesis Plans
1.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2
Homogeneous Catalysis
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Catalysis
2.3 Homogeneous Catalysis
2.4 Model Examples
2.4.1 Hydrogenation Reactions
2.4.2 C-C Bond Forming Reactions
2.4.3 C-Heteroatom Bond Forming Reactions
2.4.4 Polymerisation Reactions
2.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3
Heterogeneous Catalysis
3.1 Basic Concepts from a Historical Perspective
3.1.1 Heterogeneous Catalysts
3.1.1.1 Bulk Inorganic Catalysts
3.1.1.2 Bulk Organic Catalysts
3.1.1.3 Supported Catalysts
3.1.2 Heterogeneity Test
3.1.2.1 Recycling Test
3.1.3 Examples of the Application of Heterogeneous Catalysis
3.1.3.1 Lewis Acid- supported Catalysts: A3/KA2 Coupling and Nitro- Mannich Reactions
3.1.3.2 Heteropolyacid- supported Catalysts: Aza- Friedel- Crafts Reaction
3.2 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4
Biocatalysis, an Introduction. Exploiting Enzymes as Green Catalysts in the Synthesis of Chemicals and Drugs
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Lipases
4.2.1 Lipase- catalysed Hydrolysis of Esters
4.2.2 Lipase- catalysed Esterification Reactions
4.2.3 Lipase- catalysed Aminolysis Reactions
4.2.4 Lipase- catalysed Oxidation Reactions
4.3 Nitrilases
4.4 Monoamine Oxidases (MAOs)
4.5 Ketoreductases (KRED)
4.6 Monooxygenases and Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases (BVMO)
4.7 Transaminases
4.8 Other Enzymes and Perspectives.
7.3.1 Powder X- Ray Diffraction
7.3.2 Raman Spectroscopy
7.3.3 TRIS- XANES and Solid- State NMR
7.3.4 Temperature Measurement during Milling
7.4 Organic Synthesis Under Mechanochemical Conditions
7.4.1 Metal Catalysis
7.4.2 Organocatalysis
7.4.3 Photocatalysis
References
Chapter 8
Sustainable Activation of Chemical Substrates Under Sonochemical Conditions
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Sonochemistry, a Chemistry based on Power Ultrasound
8.2.1 Acoustic Cavitation and Associated Effects
8.2.2 Ultrasonic Parameters and Experimental Factors Affecting Cavitation
8.2.2.1 Ultrasonic Frequency
8.2.2.2 Dissipated Ultrasonic Power
8.2.2.3 Hydrostatic Pressure
8.2.2.4 Temperature
8.2.2.5 Nature of the Solvent
8.2.2.6 Dissolved Gas
8.2.2.7 External Pressure
8.2.2.8 Ultrasonic Intensity
8.2.3 Mode of Irradiation and Sonoreactors
8.2.3.1 Modes of Irradiation
8.2.3.2 Equipment
8.2.3.3 Characterization of the Ultrasonic Parameters
8.3 Organic Sonochemistry: beneficial Effects and New Reactivities
8.3.1 Green Organic Sonochemistry
8.3.2 Cases Studies in Organic Sonochemistry
8.3.2.1 Examples of Oxidation Reactions
8.3.2.2 Examples of Reduction Reactions
8.3.2.3 Examples of Fused Heterocycles
8.3.2.4 Examples of Organometallic Reactions
8.3.3 Scale- up and Industrial Applications
8.4 Conclusions: from the Challenges to New Perspectives of Organic Sonochemistry
List of Abbreviations
References
Section 2
Benign Media for Organic Synthesis
Chapter 9
Biomass- derived Solvents
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Methyltetrahydrofuran (2- MeTHF)
9.2.1 2- MeTHF as a Solvent in Organic Chemistry Reactions
9.2.2 2- MeTHF as a Solvent in Biotransformations
9.3 Gamma- Valerolactone (GVL)
9.3.1 GVL as a Solvent in Organic Chemistry Reactions.
9.3.2 GVL as a Solvent in Biotransformations
9.4 Dihydrolevoglucosenone
9.4.1 Dihydrolevoglucosenone as a Solvent in Organic Chemistry Reactions
9.4.2 Dihydrolevoglucosenone in Biotransformations
9.5 Glycerol and Glycerol- based Solvents (GBs)
9.5.1 Glycerol and Glycerol- based Solvents (GBs) in Organic Chemistry Reactions
9.5.2 Glycerol and Glycerol- based Solvents (GBs) in Biotransformations
References
Chapter 10
Supercritical Solvents
10.1 Definition of Supercritical State
10.2 Properties of Supercritical Fluids as Pure Substances
10.2.1 SCFs in Practice
10.3 Tailoring SCF Properties
10.3.1 Selected Applications of Supercritical Solvents in Organic Synthesis
10.3.2 Olefin Metathesis Using scCO2 as a Solvent
10.3.3 Platform Chemicals from Glucose in SCW
10.3.4 Biodiesel Production in SC- Methanol/Ethanol
10.3.5 The Enzyme- catalyzed Synthesis of Butyl Levulinate from Levulinic Acid and Butanol: Green Metrics Evaluation
References
Chapter 11
Challenges of Using Fluorous Solvents for Greener Organic Synthesis
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Perfluorinated Solvents
11.2.1 Physical Properties of Perfluorocarbons and Perfluorinated Polyethers
11.2.2 Organic Synthesis Using Perfluorinated Solvents
11.3 Fluorous- organic Hybrid Solvents
11.3.1 Physical Properties of Fluorous- organic Hybrid Solvents
11.3.2 Organic Synthesis Using Fluorous- organic Hybrid Solvents
11.4 Phase- vanishing (PV) Methods Using a Fluorous Solvent as a Liquid- phase Membrane
11.4.1 Concept of PV Methods
11.4.2 PV Method Accompanied by Photo Irradiation
11.4.3 Grignard- type Reaction Using the PV Method
11.4.4 PV Method Accompanied by in situ Gas Evolution
11.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 12
Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents
12.1 A Very Short Introduction.
12.2 Ionic Liquids
12.2.1 Ionic Liquid Structure, Synthesis and Basic Properties: A Brief Survey
12.2.2 Sustainable Physical Properties
12.2.3 Solvent Intrinsic Catalysis
12.2.4 Ionic Liquids as a Nice Environment for Metal- based Catalysts
12.2.5 How Sustainable are ILs
12.3 Deep Eutectic Solvents
12.3.1 Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs): General Overview
12.3.2 Preparation of DESs and Overview of their Properties and Applications
12.3.3 DESs in Organic Synthesis
12.3.3.1 Consecutive Reactions in DESs
12.3.3.2 Unveiling the Role Played by the DES
12.3.3.3 The Case of Reactive DESs
12.3.3.4 Grignard and Organolithium Chemistry in DESs
12.3.3.5 To What Extent are the Green Metrics of Reactions in DESs Investigated
12.3.4 Future Perspective
12.4 Author Credits
References
Chapter 13
Environmentally Benign Media: Water, AOS, and Water/Organic Solvent Azeotropic Mixtures
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Water and Biphasic/Azeotropic Mixtures as Reaction Solvents
13.2.1 Organic Synthesis Exclusively Performed in Water
13.2.2 Organic Reactions in Aqueous Organic Solvents or a Biphasic System
13.3 Surfactants as an Additive for Chemistry in Water
13.3.1 Anionic Surfactants
13.3.2 Amphiphilic Surfactants
13.4 Use of Aqueous Reaction Media for Industrial Applications
13.5 Academic Incorporation of Chemistry in Water
13.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14
Solvent- free Conditions
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Solvent- free Organic Reactions
14.2.1 Neat Reactions
14.2.2 MOF- catalysed Reactions
14.3 Solid- state Reactions
14.3.1 Thermal Solid- state Reactions
14.3.2 Topochemical Reactions
14.3.3 Solid- state Melt Reactions
14.3.4 Mechanochemical Reactions
14.3.5 Photochemical Reactions
14.4 Asymmetric Reactions
14.5 Continuous Flow Twin- Screw Extrusion.

Sustainable organic synthesis : tools and strategies /

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