Asbestiform fibers : nonoccupational health risks /

More than 30 million tons of asbestos used in the United States since 1900 is present as insulation in offices and schools, as vinyl-asbestos flooring in homes, and in other common products. This volume presents an evaluation of the relation of these fibers to specific diseases and the extent of non...

Celý popis

Podrobná bibliografie
Korporativní autor: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Nonoccupational Health Risks of Asbestiform Fibers
Médium: Licensed eBooks
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1984.
On-line přístup:https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=14666
Obsah:
  • Asbestiform Fibers
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • References
  • Contents
  • Executive Summary
  • ORIGIN OF THE STUDY
  • MAJOR FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • Evaluation of Risk
  • Physicochemical Properties and Health Effects
  • Recommendations
  • SUMMARY OF THE STUDY
  • Background
  • Materials of Concern
  • Relationship of Fiber Characteristics to Health Effects
  • Measurement and Extent of Exposure
  • Health Effects Methodology
  • Health Effects of Asbestos
  • Health Effects of Nonasbestos Asbestiform Fibers
  • Evidence Associating Fiber Properties with Adverse Health Effects
  • Risk Assessments
  • 1 Introduction
  • CONCURRENT NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL AND GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES RELATED TO ASBESTOS
  • THE COMMITTEE'S APPROACH
  • REFERENCES
  • 2 Asbestiform Fibers: Historical Background, Terminology, and Physicochemical Properties
  • ASBESTOS IN HISTORY
  • MINERALOGICAL TERMINOLOGY
  • SOURCES OF MINERAL PARTICLES
  • PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ASBESTIFORM FIBERS
  • Fiberlike Morphology
  • Enhanced Strength and Flexibility
  • Diameter-Dependent Strength
  • Increased Physical and Chemical Durability
  • Defect-Free Surface Structure
  • Growth-Dependent Fiber Quality
  • BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
  • Respirability
  • Size and Aspect Ratio (Length:Diameter)
  • Durability
  • Flexibility and Tensile Strength
  • Chemical Composition
  • Surface Area
  • Surface Charge
  • Standardized Asbestos Samples
  • SUMMARY
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 3 Assessing Nonoccupational Exposures to Asbestiform Fibers
  • DEFINITIONS OF EXPOSURE
  • ASBESTIFORM FIBERS AND THEIR SOURCES
  • EXPOSURE POTENTIAL FOR ASBESTOS
  • Types of Exposure
  • Quantitative Exposure Estimates
  • EXPOSURE TO OTHER NATURAL MINERAL FIBERS
  • Attapulgite
  • Erionite
  • EXPOSURE TO MAN-MADE FIBERS
  • Man-Made Mineral Fibers
  • Exposure to Other Man-Made Fibers.
  • 6 Laboratory Studies of the Effects of Asbestiform Fibers
  • STUDIES IN ANIMALS
  • Lung Cancer
  • Mesothelioma
  • Fibrosis
  • Events in the Gastrointestinal Tract After Exposure to Asbestos
  • IN VITRO STUDIES
  • Hemolytic Assays
  • Cytotoxicity Studies
  • Alterations in Cells of the Immune System After Exposure to Asbestiform Fibers
  • Effects on Fibroblasts In Vitro
  • INITIATION-PROMOTION MODEL OF CARCINOGENESIS
  • Interaction of Asbestiform Fibers with DNA
  • Tumor Promotion
  • In Vitro Studies with Mesothelial Cells
  • Interactions Between Fibers and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • Asbestiform Fibers: Initiators and/or Promoters of Lung Tumors?
  • Asbestiform Fibers: Initiators and/or Promoters of Malignant Mesothelioma?
  • Asbestiform Fibers: Possible Mechanisms of Fibrosis
  • SUMMARY
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 7 Risk Assessment
  • THE PROCESS OF RISK ASSESSMENT
  • QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
  • Mathematical Model For Carcinogenic Risk Estimate
  • PUBLISHED RISK ASSESSMENTS
  • Lung Cancer Risk from Nonoccupational Environmental Exposures
  • Mesothelioma Risk from Nonoccupational Environmental Exposures
  • QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR NONOCCUPATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES
  • Lifetime Risk Estimates For Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma
  • Risk Assessments For Special Subpopulations
  • COMPARATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
  • Methods
  • General Methodological Considerations
  • Scoring Considerations
  • Discussion of Comparative Risks
  • SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • Appendix A Asbestos Exposure and Human Disease. Hallmark Observations and Studies From 1898 to 1979
  • REFERENCES
  • Appendix B Natural and Synthetic Fibrous Substances and Some of their Known Biological Effects
  • REFERENCES
  • Appendix C Fiber-Quality Parameters of Selected Asbestos, Whisker, and Glass Fibers.
  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FIBER-QUALITY PARAMETERS
  • REFERENCES
  • Appendix D Conceptual Model of Fiber Exposure
  • SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES
  • Appendix E Epidemiological Studies Among Cohorts Exposed To Asbestos
  • Appendix F Effects of Administering Asbestiform Fibers to Animals
  • Appendix G Development of Some Equations Used for Quantitative Risk Assessment
  • REFERENCE
  • Appendix H Comparative Risk Assessment Score Sheets
  • EXPOSURE
  • BIODISPOSITION
  • EFFECTS
  • Appendix I Background Information on Members of the Committee on Nonoccupational Health Risks of Asbestiform Fibers.

Podobné jednotky

Zobrazit související pohledy